🔹 Intro Paragraph:
Many readers of our main article [“Why India Is Behind (And How It’s Poised for a Leap Forward)“] asked for the factual sources behind each insight. This companion article lists the key claims and backs them with credible reports, statistics, and data from global and Indian institutions.
🔹 Content Outline:
1. Colonial Impact
- GDP fall from ~23% (1700) to <4% (1947): Source – Angus Maddison (OECD)
- Drain of wealth studies: Utsa Patnaik
2. Infrastructure Lag
- Rural tap water: Jal Jeevan Mission Dashboard
- Sanitation: NITI Aayog SDG Index
3. Education
- Low math and reading outcomes: ASER 2023 Report
- Enrollment vs. learning gap: UNESCO & NCERT
4. Bureaucracy & Legal System
- Ease of Doing Business Rank: World Bank 2020
- 40M+ court cases: National Judicial Data Grid
5. Economic Inequality
- Top 1% owns 40%+ wealth: Oxfam India 2023
- Urban-rural income gaps: NSSO, World Bank
6. R&D Investment
- 0.64% of GDP on R&D: DST & UNESCO UIS
- China, US, Korea comparisons: OECD Science Indicators
7. Brain Drain
- Skilled emigration trends: OECD Migration Outlook
- Students abroad: MEA India Report
8. Gender and Caste Disparity
- Female workforce ~25%: World Bank
- Gender Gap Rank 127: WEF Global Gender Gap 2023
🔹 Conclusion Paragraph:
Numbers don’t lie. These facts don’t just support the arguments—they urge action. Read our main piece to explore the full picture of India’s journey.